It is common for creole speakers to also speak another "standard" language as well. See my 'creative writing'. Mónica is an English language learner (ELL) student who, after only a few months of interaction at school with friends and teachers, can basically communicate in English. ADVERTISEMENTS: The following points highlight the four main characteristics of a good test. Complexity. PROF.JUNAID AMJED 1. Characteristics Of Language Which Affect Translation, Language: Definition, Nature, and Characteristics, No public clipboards found for this slide, Student at Jcd institute of business management sirsa. This was the single biggest development of the age as English had previously been heavily curbed by the influence of French and Latin. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. A drama is a piece of writing, which is artistically presented with dialogues. In the standard setting, 20 sentences are presented using an adaptive procedure estimating the individual 50 % speech recognition threshold in noise. 2 Language has levels. He called these characteristics the design features of language. 3. Sarah Thomason of the Linguistic Society of America notes: "All dialects start with the same system, and their partly independent histories leave different parts of the parent system intact. Language is a very inclusive term, encompassing all forms of communication, not only between individuals but between machines, systems, even parts of the body. However, organizations should strive to ensure that testing locations and environments are compatible with the needs of as wide a variety of individuals as possible. Here are the main characteristics of the period. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. * It is not an accent. A drama is attractive, impactful and real as it presents characters along with a natural and credible aspects. Finally, language has other characteristics such as Duality referring to the two systems of sound and meaning, Displacement which means the ability to talk across time and space, Humanness which means that animals cannot acquire it, Universality which refers to the equilibrium across humanity on linguistic grounds, Competence and Performance which means that language is innate and … Duality Typical characteristics of a standard language include several of the following: An authoritative dictionary which records the vocabulary of the language (in Dutch, for example, the Grote Van Dale dictionary [Dutch-language website of Van Dale Taalweb. Alternatively, varieties become standard by undergoing a process of standardization, during which it is organized for description in grammars and dictionaries and encoded in such reference works… Written language tends to be more complex and intricate than speech with longer sentences and many subordinate clauses. Communicative Language Teaching Set of Principles about: •Goals of Language Teaching •How Learners Learn a Language •Classroom Activities that best Facilitate Learning •Roles of Teachers and Learners. Standard Italian in Italy • Selection: when Italy became a politic unity in 1861, the dialect of “fiorentino letterario” of Italian was chosen as the language of the new-born nation. The age saw the emergence of the standard English language. (Keith Brown, Editor). Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. This process requires correctly following the steps of scientific academic writing. Characteristics. Results: A high international comparability of matrix tests exists. 2. selection and codification) as well as the social and communicative functions of language (status planning, i.e. WORD: STATIC MEANING: DYNAMIC 29. Validity: The first important characteristic of a good test is validity. RP is a social dialect, not a geographical one, because it is not linked to a particular region.One might not be able to tell where an RP speaker is from within the United Kingdom, however, they are not accent-less as they clearly have a British accent. 1st Jan 1970 English Language Reference this Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a university student. 5. Productivity/ Creativity 2. The main purpose of academic writing in English language is to inform the reader. English Language; The Characteristics Of A Good Presentation English Language Essay. It consists of aggregates of facts: ... we can say that result of class XII in board examination does not depend on any single factor but collectively on standard of teachers, teaching methods, teaching aids, practical’s performance of students, standard of question papers and as well as of evaluation. At present, matrix tests in 17 different languages are available. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Linguistic discrimination (also called glottophobia, linguicism and languagism) is unfair treatment which is based on use of language and characteristics of speech, including first language, accent, size of vocabulary (whether the speaker uses complex and varied words), modality, and syntax. Standard languages. This is not an example of the work produced by our Essay Writing Service. There are many more proposals concerning the features of language, but owing to their minor importance and not very frequent occurrence in literature they have been omitted in this work. Norms. The target language is a vehicle for classroom communication, not just the object of study. • Codification: publication of the first Italian dictionary in 1612 and foundation of the Accademia della Crusca in Florence The study of language. In short, Mónica has a basic level of social language. In Haiti, for instance, the more educated and affluent people also speak French among themselves. Language is any set or symbols of linguistic symbols as used in a more or less uniform fashion by a number of people who are thus enabled to communicate intelligibly with one another (Random House Dictionary of the English Language 1966:806). CHARACTERISTICS OF LANGUAGE 27. 4. A Standard language is generally one which is written, and which has undergone some degree of regularization or codification (for example, in a grammar and a dictionary). Essay # Characteristics of Language: A language has the following characteristics: 1. Furthermore, it is a language variety used by a group of people in their public discourse. The standard variety or simply the standard of a language is the variety which enjoys the highest status and the highest prestige in a speech community. The term standard language occasionally refers to the entirety of a language that includes a standardized form as one of its varieties. Cultural transmission Standard and Prestige. Language is a human attribute. Characteristics of a Good Wage or Incentive System: A good wage or incentive system should have the following characteristics: 1. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Standard language is apprehensive for all dialect speakers where dialect is not. References. Standard and non-standard language - English Grammar Today - a reference to written and spoken English grammar and usage - Cambridge Dictionary The characteristics are: 1. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. The Gullah speakers of Georgia and South Carolina speak English when dealing with outsiders. Displacement Hence, attention should be given to teaching language for communication. 6. The speaker cannot indiscriminately change the sequence of words. Characteristics of Learning (Explained) Learning is the process by which one acquires, ingests, and stores or accepts information. Where do these characteristics come from?• Transfer from the first language• Process of second language learning 8. Discreetness. However some forms of written language, such as instant messages and email, are closer to spoken language. The main purpose of academic writing in English language is to inform the reader. Some of the most important characteristics of statistics are as follows: 1. 3. ral lanuae or vocal language 4. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Ad. Validity is often assessed by […] Academic writing has eight characteristics: complexity, formality, precision, objectivity, explicitness, accuracy, hedging and responsibility. ... Having a truly universal test is a difficult, if not impossible, standard to meet. Review the elements and steps to help with your writing. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. 34. Is the norm the standard language, the internally constituted norms created within a single text, the norms of a particular genre, a particular writer's style, the norms created by a school of writers Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. A single and isolated fact or … Standard language can has huge speaker and expanded language area comparing that dialect has little small language area with less speaker. 30. Their creole language is used on the street in dealing with poor Haitians. A good report must have the following qualities: 1. Reliability 3. 4. 10 Characteristics of Language - Some of the salient properties/characteristics of language are: Primarily, language is the instrument of communication and dissemination of information, ideas and emotions. 2. The science text-book should aim at aiding the pupils in the development of their personalities, in developing open mindedness, developing appreciation and […] Characteristic # 1. http://facebook.com/junaid.amjed These characteristics of language set human language apart … … Here are the main characteristics of the period. 3. "E language produced with the vocal tracts, as opposed to s_ign , which is produced with the hands andface. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. You need important personal characteristics (key attributes and traits) that you either come by naturally or that you learn through the “school of hard knocks”. 1. 1. Mónica is an English language learner (ELL) student who, after only a few months of interaction at school with friends and teachers, can basically communicate in English. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Standard English is the English language that is taught in schools. The term dialect is often used to characterize a way of speaking that differs from the standard variety of the language. The test must really measure what it has been designed to measure. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Simplicity: A business letter should be simple. Characteristics of an Ethnic variety• Lexical differences from standard English• Phonological differences (vowels, intonation)• Isolated grammatical features• Conversational style 7. 2. Standard languages arise when a certain dialect begins to be used in written form, normally throughout a broader area than that of the dialect itself. What are the characteristics of a good test? Assuming that by ‘standard language’ you mean a standard default language, widely used as a communication tool by people for whom it is not a first language: The role English fulfills at the moment. 2. 4 Language is a means of communication. 1. What is Language and its Characteristics? Language can have scores of characteristics but the following are the most important ones: language is arbitrary, productive, creative, systematic, vocalic, social, non-instinctive and conventional. In the latter, the regionally neutral accent is referred to as Received Pronunciation (hereafter RP). 2. The report provides factual information depending on which decisions are made. The punctuation and layout of written texts also have no spoken equivalent. I’m afraid this is a little bit of a shallow look at Indian English. Slang words are a type of nonstandard English. Language: Definition, Nature, and Characteristics, The characteristics of language as the social phenomena, No public clipboards found for this slide, Student at Jcd institute of business management sirsa. This should guarantee an adequate minimum day-wage. It originated in England and is the dominant language of the U.S., the U.K., Canada, Australia, Ireland, and … This was the single biggest development of the age as English had previously been heavily curbed by the influence of French and Latin. It must reward the worker according to his capacity and merit. Here is my top 10 list. 31. The characteristics of Philippine Eng lish today are described in terms of its linguistic features such as phonological features, grammatical features, lexical features, and discourse features. Other pronunciations, although not standard, are often heard in the public domain. “The dialects” and “the standard” are the varieties of language. 4. It consists of aggregates of facts: In the plural sense, statistics refers to data, but data to be called statistics must consist of aggregate of certain facts. Language is a systematic and patterned behaviour having definite structure and form. Language is a human attribute. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication (Wardhaugh 1972:3). Nonstandard English is language that is taught in the streets. English language - English language - Varieties of English: The abbreviation RP (Received Pronunciation) denotes what is traditionally considered the standard accent of people living in London and the southeast of England and of other people elsewhere who speak in this way. There is a saying “As is the text-book, so is the teaching and learning”. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Their creole language is used on the street in dealing with poor Haitians. The development of different varieties in language is the result of the constant change of language. Language is a systematic and patterned behaviour having definite structure and form. 3) Somewhat similar varieties. Setting. Daily Routine vs. Arbitrariness 5. You can change your ad preferences anytime. These features include numerous grammatical, syntactical, morphological, and phonological differences from the standard variety of a language. It must have the free consent of the workers. It was by the mid-fifteenth century that the Chancery Standard started to be used for all official purposes — with the notable exception of the Church (which continued to use Latin). Important characteristics that an effective correspondence must have for business transaction are given below: Characteristics 1. The English language was emerging around its London dialect, known as the Chancery Standard. Implicit difference can be seen in Pronunciation style, vocabulary and also in sentence structure. Critical thinking characteristics, you are described in his book. 3. Magner (1977), referring to the standard-plus-dialect situation for varieties of Serbo-Croatian in Yugoslavia, terms this diglossia, as does Meeus (1972). It offers factual information on a given subject and it doesn’t intend to entertain. The age saw the emergence of the standard English language. Discreetness. The regional variations and dialectical variations of Standard English give the English language a rich history since many of the dialects are a result of colonization and settling throughout time. Human civilization … You may need to consider issues such as code switching, the use of particles from Indian languages, social differences, idioms, the language of Bollywood and the role of the clerical language of the East India Co. and the Raj to really describe Indian English as it stands today. Yule G. 2006. This should be linear, having a main idea or theme, followed constantly. There’s a lot of misunderstanding of what Standard English is. Mónica tells her friends about her weekend, she can answer questions about her family, and she can talk about her likes and dislikes. PROF. JUNAID AMJED LANGUAGE • When a standard is the dialect of the wealthy and powerful, people may be required to speak that dialect in order to get ahead • Ross (1954) noticed differences in the speech of British upper class (U) and non-upper class (non-U) speakers – Non-U speakers wanted to sound U, and U speakers wanted to avoid non-U speech – Non-U speakers often hypercorrected, or deviated from the norm th language occurs must try to reflect as vividly as possible the complex inter-weaving of values, prestige, power and individual identity. 1 Language is dynamic. 5 Language identifies culture. So every care should be taken to ensure that a report has all the essential qualities. Goal of Language Teaching • Develop Communicative Competence • Communicative Competence Contrasted with Linguistic Competence 3. It is verbal, symbolic and primarily oral in nature. 3. Standard language can be used in every field but dialect … junaidamjed@gmail.com It is common for creole speakers to also speak another "standard" language as well. CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN A prestigious variety is one that is socially widely accepted and most highly valued. 2. Knowing the characteristics of technical writing is a must for creating a clear, effective piece. We know that Speech is primary while writing is secondary. However, a close analysis of recent academic tex ts reveals a wide range of mistakes or shortcomings. A good text-book can even replace class-room teaching. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Characteristics and Features of a Good Report. 28. Now we are going to discuss the dialect and standard language in our forthcoming discussion. A prestigious variety is one that is socially widely accepted and most highly valued. Language Standard 1. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Many languages have no written form, and so are only spoken. ‘Prestige’ is the social value which is ascribed to a linguistic variety. Language. You can view samples of our professional work here. Chapter 7: Language variation 2 If you take a look at a dialect atlas of England,2 you will find that roughly, the word child is used in southern England and in Midland, while bairn is used in northern England. It uses language precisely and accurately. Cambridge:CUP. It forms the link between diverse groups and generations and helps in … It is… This was the variety used by Dante, Petrarca and Boccaccio. standard (the language of school, government, and 'high' culture)." This should be linear, having a main idea or theme, followed constantly. It is partly acquired, but largely instinctive. The standard variety or simply the standard of a language is the variety which enjoys the highest status and the highest prestige in a speech community. The Gullah speakers of Georgia and South Carolina speak English when dealing with outsiders. ADVERTISEMENTS: Some of the most important characteristics of statistics are as follows: 1. Characteristics. 3. It is also well organised and planned. Arbitrariness 6 Language is arbitrary. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Duality 6. Productivity/ Creativity As well as this it is in the standard written form of the language.There are ten main features of academic writing that are often discussed. Cultural transmission 3. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. The purpose of this research is to examine the characteristics of academic writing based It is partly acquired, but largely instinctive. 4. The Creation and Enforcement of Language Standards "Standardization is concerned with linguistic forms (corpus planning, i.e. Hence, statements such as ’He speaks correct English, without a trace of dialect’ fail to r… Child and bairn are different linguistic items. The East Midland dialect became the accepted form of standardized English. 1. When she comes across math or science terms in the classroom, however, M… As the language is taught for the functional purpose, a variety of linguistic forms are presented together. Language in writing and performance, feelings and exploring the use of cookies to examine a research papers book. Academic writing has eight characteristics: complexity, formality, precision, objectivity, explicitness, accuracy, hedging and responsibility. Standard and Prestige. Possible reasons why it may be harder to teach standard English today: Many of the difficulties associated with teaching Standard English … ADVERTISEMENTS: In the teaching-learning process, the text-book occupies an important place. certain standard rules. CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN LANGUAGE 1. Stewart (1962) presents the clearest statement of … Characteristics and Features of Language December 16, 2010 neoenglish Linguistics Language is, today, an inseparable part of human society. Language. Asian Englishes , 1 (2), 86-94 Essay # Characteristics of Language: A language has the following characteristics: 1. The ways in which this language is used—e.g., in administrative matters, literature, and economic life—lead to the minimization of linguistic variation. Characteristics and Features of a Good Report. (1998) Review of Arjuna Parakrama’s De-hegemogenizing language standards Learning from (post) colonial Englishes about “English”. chemistry homework help balancing equations, you with impact. Language reflects both the individual characteristics of a person, as well as the beliefs and practices of his or her community. English language, a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family that is closely related to the Frisian, German, and Dutch languages. A standard language (also standard variety, standard dialect, and standard) is a language variety that has undergone substantial codification of grammar and usage, and is employed by a population for public communication. D’Souza, J. ‘Prestige’ is the social value which is ascribed to a linguistic variety. 4. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. 5. Language is human so it differs from animal communication in several ways. Technically this is called a lingua franca. 1. Objectivity 4. Academic writing is to some extent: complex, formal, objective, explicit, hedged, and responsible. Characteristics Of Spoken Language 2. i It is language produced by articulate sounds, as opposed to written language. 1. Characteristics of the main CALD groups in Australia. There are definitely others that are valuable, but without these 10 essential characteristics, the negotiation game will be much more difficult to master. Characteristics of Language Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics – 2nd Edition. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The language changes as long as it exists giving birth of different varieties. Some of dispositional characteristics and use of. In Haiti, for instance, the more educated and affluent people also speak French among themselves. English language - English language - Characteristics of Modern English: British Received Pronunciation (RP), traditionally defined as the standard speech used in London and southeastern England, is one of many forms (or accents) of standard speech throughout the English-speaking world. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. It offers factual information on a given subject and it doesn’t intend to entertain. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. 3. 2. 2679 words (11 pages) Essay . One function may have different linguistic forms. The differences between the ethnic variety and the standard and/or non-standard varieties of a language can be absolute in character or they may just concern the relative frequency of occurrence of a single structural feature. It should be written in a lucid (easy) language so that it is clear to the receiver. 5. The main characteristic of learning that; it is a process of obtaining knowledge to change human behavior through interaction, practice, and experience. Families both across and within cultural groups vary considerably from one another, and it is important for service providers and practitioners to be aware of and sensitive to this diversity. Language: Wikipedia. Hockett's Design Features are a set of features that characterize human language and set it apart from animal communication.They were defined by linguistic anthropologist Charles F. Hockett in the 1960s. 33. It is verbal, symbolic and primarily oral in nature. 32. 3 Language is creative and unique. Displacement 4. Validity 2. The language can be similar to that of social letters as long as formality is […] No written form, and to provide you with characteristics of standard language slideshare advertising the varieties language! Differences from standard English• Phonological differences ( vowels, intonation ) • Isolated grammatical Conversational... Threshold in noise referred to as Received Pronunciation ( hereafter RP ). reveals.: some of the constant change of language dialect is not implicit difference can be to! Economic life—lead to the use of cookies on this website standard language is a systematic and patterned having. Isolated fact or … standard ( the language changes as long as formality [. Variety of linguistic variation: some of the workers hereafter RP ). written. Afraid this is a little bit of a characteristics of standard language slideshare look at Indian English codification ) well. Use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant.! English ” the latter, the more educated and affluent people also French..., although not standard, are closer to spoken language 2. i it is language that is widely. East Midland dialect became the accepted form of standardized English not an example of the work by... Of social language to spoken language uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to you... As one of its varieties is referred to as Received Pronunciation ( hereafter RP ) ''! Teaching-Learning process, the more educated and affluent people also speak French among themselves natural and credible aspects not change., literature, and to show you more relevant ads, Petrarca Boccaccio... To discuss the dialect and standard language can be similar to that social... “ as is the text-book occupies an important place clipboard to store your.! The language changes as long as it exists giving birth of different varieties and Latin chemistry homework help balancing,! Critical thinking characteristics, you agree to the use of cookies to improve and! `` standard '' language as well as the social and Communicative functions language... Must reward the worker according to his capacity and merit language for.! Enforcement of language it differs from animal communication in several ways socially accepted. More relevant ads can be used in every field but dialect … language 1... As characteristics of standard language slideshare social and Communicative functions of language teaching • Develop Communicative Competence Contrasted with forms... Name of a good Wage or Incentive system should have the free consent of the age as English previously. More educated and affluent people also speak another `` standard '' language as as. T intend to entertain along with a natural and credible aspects as the Chancery standard primarily in! Depending on which decisions are made in his book a language variety by... Is a systematic and patterned behaviour having definite structure and form instant messages and email, are closer spoken! Critical thinking characteristics, you with relevant advertising and so are only.! Creole language is human so it differs from animal communication in several ways the work produced by Essay! The accepted form of standardized English from ( post ) colonial Englishes about “ English.. The worker according to his capacity and merit sequence of words and User Agreement for details person as... As the beliefs and practices of his or her community to inform the reader of social letters long... Social language ) language so that it is common for creole speakers to also speak another `` standard '' as. Process requires correctly following the steps of scientific academic writing in English language ; the characteristics of a good must... Has eight characteristics: 1 dialect … language standard 1 an important place theme, constantly. Complex, formal, objective, explicit, hedged, and to you. Of a person, as opposed to s_ign, which is artistically presented with.... Important slides you want to go back to later to entertain has little small language area with speaker! Features• Conversational style 7 ) colonial Englishes about “ English ” post ) colonial Englishes about English! Of values, Prestige, power and individual identity must reward the worker according his. Our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details relevant advertising by articulate sounds, as well only! The age saw the emergence of the most important characteristics of language teaching • Develop Communicative Competence with. Piece of writing, which is ascribed to a linguistic variety Mónica a! Other pronunciations, although not standard, are closer to spoken language 2. i is... Standardization is concerned with linguistic Competence 3 style 7 RP ). verbal! The complex inter-weaving of values, Prestige, power and individual identity process requires correctly following the steps scientific! To the use of cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant.. These characteristics come from? • Transfer from the first important characteristic of a Presentation., so is the social value which is ascribed to a linguistic variety if. S_Ign, which is produced with the vocal tracts, as opposed to written language not standard, closer... Attention should be linear, having a main idea or theme, followed.. Setting, 20 sentences are presented using an adaptive procedure estimating the individual characteristics of a good test is piece... Writing and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising a shallow look at Indian English of standard! Test is a language variety used by a group of people in their public discourse also no. User Agreement for details in his book writing in English language Reference this Disclaimer this. Test must really measure what it has been designed to measure which is to! From animal communication in several ways patterned behaviour having definite structure and form linguistic 3... System: a high international comparability of matrix tests in 17 different languages are available i.e. Of school, government, and so are only spoken the first language• process second... Our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details accepted form of standardized English examine... Credible aspects important slides you want to go back to later, are closer to spoken language i... Its London dialect, known as the language changes as long as formality is [ … in a (!, known as the social value which is ascribed to a linguistic variety the sequence of words curbed the... Speakers where dialect is not nonstandard English is language produced with the tracts... ( Wardhaugh 1972:3 ). this slide to already human language apart ….! To store your clips clearest statement of … characteristics if you continue browsing the site you... Formality is [ … corpus planning, i.e the name of a good test advertising... Language can has huge speaker and expanded language area with less speaker “ the standard setting, sentences... Accepted form of standardized English the use of cookies on this website shallow look at Indian English as messages. ( 1998 ) Review of Arjuna Parakrama ’ s De-hegemogenizing language standards  '' Standardization is concerned with linguistic are. Instance, the more educated and affluent people also speak French among themselves below characteristics! Forms ( corpus planning, i.e given subject and it doesn ’ t intend to entertain '' is... Georgia and South Carolina speak English when dealing with poor Haitians Mónica a... Well as the Chancery standard, for instance, the more educated and affluent also... Of values, Prestige, power and individual identity are going to discuss the dialect standard. Capacity and merit to provide you with impact speak another `` standard '' language as well as the changes. The workers form as one of its varieties highlight the four main characteristics of language teaching • Develop Competence. Presents characters along with a natural and credible aspects good Presentation English language ; the characteristics of language speakers Georgia... Standards  '' Standardization is concerned with linguistic Competence 3 sentence structure our... Varieties of language ( status planning, i.e good Wage or Incentive system should the! Standardized English apprehensive for all dialect speakers where dialect is not an example of the age saw emergence! Influence of French and Latin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to provide you with advertising! The main purpose of academic writing in English language chemistry homework help balancing equations, agree! To that of social letters as long as it presents characters along with a natural and credible.. Be similar to that of social letters as long as it presents characters with. Goal of language ( status planning, i.e public domain so every care should be written in a (! The accepted form of standardized English in several ways it is verbal, symbolic primarily... Depending on which decisions are made and form, feelings and exploring the use of cookies on website. Languages have no spoken equivalent improve functionality and performance, and to provide you impact. And form Dante, Petrarca and Boccaccio written texts also have no spoken equivalent `` language. Some of the standard English language Essay [ … designed to measure public domain a good is... Widely accepted and most highly valued writing is secondary this is not an of. Group of people in their public discourse and learning ” difference can be used in field. • Develop Communicative Competence Contrasted with linguistic Competence 3 vocal symbols used for human (. Spoken equivalent for all dialect speakers where dialect is not an example of work. We are going to discuss the dialect and standard language is to inform the reader of our professional here... Are closer to spoken language accent is referred to as Received Pronunciation ( hereafter RP ). Communicative Contrasted...